All Platforms
As of September 2026, the Atlas of Proteomic Technologies (APT) has collated evidence for 46 protein measurement platforms. Six of these platforms are sufficiently documented in the peer-reviewed literature to enable full evaluation and cross-platform comparisons. Another 9 are emerging technologies that may be integrated into future APT versions. A further 8 are early technologies not yet ready for comprehensive assessment. Targeted panels (configurable or small assays not eligible for the integrated tier) and enabling hardware (for example, the Orbitrap Astral) are not directly scored as part of APT, but are presented here for completeness.
46 of 46 shown
| Platform | Vendor | Level | Readiness for APT | Chemistry | Plex / depth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alamar Biosciences | APT-assessed+ Neuro 220 | Integrated (combined with Neuro 220) | Proximity-ligation / sequential immunocomplex capture-and-release (NULISA) with dual DNA-barcoded antibodies; NGS readout on ARGO / ARGO HT system. | 250 targets (200 cytokines/chemokines and their receptors + 50 other inflammation/immune proteins). | |
| Alamar Biosciences | APT-assessed+ Inflammation 250 | Integrated (combined with Inflammation 250) | Nucleic-acid-linked immuno-sandwich assay (NULISA); dual capture-and-release background suppression; NGS readout on ARGO HT | 220 CNS and neurology targets (Neuro 220, launched March 2026; upgrade over the flagship 120-plex CNS Disease Panel). | |
runs on → Orbitrap Astral / timsTOF (HRM-DIA) | Biognosys | APT-assessed | Integrated | Two front-ends feeding HRM/DIA-MS: bead-based depletion of abundant plasma proteins, or P2 nanoparticle enrichment; measured on Orbitrap or timsTOF HT | ~4,000-4,200 protein groups single-shot with bead-based depletion; up to ~7,000 protein groups single-shot with P2 nanoparticle enrichment |
runs on → Illumina NGS (NovaSeq) | Illumina | APT-assessed+ SomaScan | Integrated (combined with SomaScan) | SOMAmer capture converted to barcoded sequencing libraries; NovaSeq readout | ~9,500 unique human proteins |
| Nomic Bio | APT-assessed | Integrated | Miniaturised bead-based sandwich ELISA; antibody pairs pre-assembled on spectrally barcoded beads; toehold-mediated strand-displacement detection; flow-cytometric readout | 191-plex inflammation panel published; Omni 1000 = 1,000 assays (vendor) | |
| Olink (Thermo Fisher Scientific) | APT-assessed | Integrated | Proximity Extension Assay (PEA), dual-recognition DNA-coupled antibodies; NGS readout on Illumina NovaSeq or Ultima UG100 (semi-automated). | 5,400+ human proteins in a single panel. | |
runs on → Orbitrap Astral / Astral Zoom (or timsTOF) | Seer | APT-assessed | Integrated | Engineered multi-nanoparticle protein-corona enrichment (NPA/NPB) + on-bead digest + bottom-up DIA-MS (open discovery) | 8,079 protein groups detected at least once and 5,768 in ≥70% of samples (independent, Pietzner et al., Nature Genetics 2026); up to 10,698 protein groups (Seer PDC, April 2026) |
| Illumina | APT-assessed+ SomaSeq | Integrated (combined with SomaSeq) | Modified DNA aptamer (SOMAmer) capture, hybridization microarray readout | ~11,000 SOMAmer measurements (~9,900 unique proteins) | |
runs on → Triple-quad / Orbitrap MS | CellCarta (formerly Caprion Biosciences); immuno-MRM panels via Precision Assays (Paulovich lab, Fred Hutch) acquisition | Emerging | 2.75 | Targeted LC-MS/MS MRM and PRM on triple-quad / QTRAP; custom and off-the-shelf panels, incl. antibody-enrichment immuno-MRM; also label-free discovery MS (CellCarta/gel-free platform) | MRM custom panels up to ~350 proteins (relative quant); down to single/few-protein absolute quant for clinical use. Unit: targeted proteins (defined panel) |
runs on → Triple-quad MS | MRM Proteomics Inc. (UVic-Genome BC Proteomics Centre / Borchers group) | Emerging | 2.75 | Targeted MRM (SRM) LC-MS/MS on triple quadrupole with paired heavy/light stable-isotope-labeled (SIS) internal standard peptides for every target protein | Fixed content panels: 125-protein and 270-protein (BAK270) human plasma kits; mouse and other kits. Unit: fixed list of proteins/peptides |
| Alamar Biosciences | Emerging | 2.25 | NULISA (sequential immunocomplex capture-and-release) + NGS readout on ARGO/ARGO HT. | ~340 immune-related proteins across 35 immune categories (all major checkpoints, full IL-17 family, 7 type I/III interferons, 30-member TNF superfamily, 6 complement components, 31 chemokines, cell-death proteins). | |
| Alamar Biosciences | Emerging | 2.25 | NULISA (sequential immunocomplex capture-and-release, dual DNA-barcoded antibodies) + NGS readout; single-calibrator proprietary algorithm to derive absolute concentrations. | >150 analytes (subset of inflammation panel enabled for absolute quant). | |
| Olink (Thermo Fisher Scientific) | Emerging | 2 | Proximity Extension Assay (PEA), dual-recognition DNA-coupled antibodies; NGS readout via a library-prep kit that runs on a lab's existing Illumina NGS (manual or automated). | >1,000 proteins (robustly detectable, high proportion of cis-pQTLs; content skewed to actionable/druggable inflammation & immune proteins). | |
runs on → LC-SRM/MRM; vendor-evaluated on Evosep One + Thermo Stellar (40 samples/day) | ProteomEdge | Emerging | 1.75 | Targeted mass spectrometry with heavy-labelled recombinant protein standards for absolute quantification; application-specific panels in vacuum-dried plate format | Application panels: ApoEdge ~18 apolipoproteins; ComplemEdge ~81 complement proteins; LiverEdge ~39 liver proteins; DiscoveryEdge175 ~176 targets; DiscoveryEdge600 ~620 protein standards (>6,000 verified peptides) |
| Quantum-Si | Emerging | 1.5 | Single-molecule peptide sequencing on a semiconductor chip: cycles of fluorophore-labelled N-terminal amino-acid recognizer binding plus aminopeptidase cleavage; kinetic signatures | peptide-level; benchtop scale. Vendor roadmap (Proteus) targets ~6-7 million peptides (vendor, "tens of millions" at launch) per experiment | |
| Nautilus Biotechnology | Emerging | 1.25 | Intact proteins immobilised on a single-molecule array, probed by iterative cycles of multi-affinity reagents; ML decoding | vendor: up to 10 billion intact proteins/proteoforms per run; first assay quantifies up to 768 full-length tau proteoform groups | |
runs on → MSD ECL reader | ProteinXI (a division of Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC / MSD) | Early | 1 | NGS-based sandwich immunoassay with proprietary ImmunoLock chemistry: DNA-barcoded capture+detection antibody pairs form an ImmunoLock complex only with correct antibody combinations; complexes are sequenced by NGS and only valid sequences are counted (three-level specificity). Unified reagents/standards with MSD electrochemiluminescence (ECL, U-PLEX/V-PLEX) for concordant transition to focused validation panels. | ~400 assays (MSD ImmunoLock, NGS readout) |
| Glyphic Bio | Early | 0.75 | Single-molecule Edman-type degradation with engineered N-terminal amino-acid binders (amino-acid-specific binders with a "ClickP" linker) and chemical/biological sensors | no public figure | |
| Pumpkinseed Bio | Early | 0.75 | Nanophotonic chip reading protein identity, sequence and modification state by Raman spectroscopy; company states >100 billion sensors per wafer | no published figure | |
| Portal Biotech | Emerging | 0.5 | Electro-osmotic-flow-driven translocation of full-length proteins through engineered biological nanopores (Maglia-lab origin), with machine-learning decoding of the ionic-current signal | single-molecule; no proteome-scale figure exists | |
| Encodia, Inc. (San Diego, CA) | Early | 0.25 | 'Reverse translation', N-terminal amino-acid recognizers carrying DNA barcodes ligate a DNA record of each residue as peptides are degraded; readout by next-generation DNA sequencing | No fixed analyte list; NGS-scale readout of DNA-encoded peptide sequences. No verified plex/read metric published (company published no primary research on its chemistry). | |
| Erisyon, Inc. (Houston, TX; UT Austin / Marcotte lab technology) | Early | 0.25 | Single-molecule fluorosequencing, immobilized peptides, iterative Edman-type N-terminal removal with fluorescent labeling of specific amino-acid types and imaging across cycles; massively parallel; digital molecule counting | No fixed analyte list; de novo/ID. Vendor/investor claim: up to ~1 billion peptides sequenced in parallel; single-molecule sensitivity with absolute (digital) quantification. | |
| Primary Bioscience (Seattle, WA; CoMotion Labs / UW incubator) | Early | 0.25 | Nanopore-based single-molecule protein sensing (controlled translocation of proteins through nanopores; electrical readout) aimed at unbiased whole-sample proteome coverage | No fixed analyte list; designed to sequence every protein in a sample incl. single-residue substitutions, splice variants, PTMs. No verified metrics. | |
| Prisma Bio / Prisma Tx (founded 2021) | Early | 0.25 | Optical single-molecule sequencing: a single small-molecule dye ('Universal Recognizer', ) binds the N-terminal amino acid and emits an amino-acid/PTM-specific fluorescent (spectral) fingerprint; light-based cyclic readout; works on surfaces or in situ within cells | No fixed analyte list; de novo, proteome-scale single-molecule ID/quant. No verified plex/read-length number published. | |
| UNOMR AG (Zurich; ETH Zurich spinout, founded 2023/2025) | Early | 0.25 | Serial 'interface nanopore' (iNP) silicon-chip single-molecule sensor; initial focus on protein glycosylation occupancy / PTM detection on single molecules (path toward full sequencing) | No fixed analyte list; single-molecule PTM/glycosylation readout initially, not full de novo sequencing yet. No verified plex/read metric. | |
| Alamar Biosciences | Targeted | not scored, <100 proteins | NULISA with qPCR readout | 1 (targeted) | |
runs on → Bruker timsTOF (targeted PRM) | Biognosys | Targeted | not scored, targeted panel | Targeted MS by PRM (prm-PASEF on Bruker timsTOF) and SureQuant (on Thermo Orbitrap), with stable-isotope-labelled standards | Single proteins to multiplex panels, up to ~800 proteins ("hyperplex"), vendor-stated. PQ500 reference kit (~804 SIS peptides, ~582 proteins ("500+"/"almost 600")) is a distinct product |
| Bruker | Enabling | instrument, not a service | Trapped ion mobility + QTOF, dia-PASEF; Evosep low-dispersion LC | PLASMA: up to ~4,200 proteins/sample with Mag-Net/ENRICHplus/EasySep/EXONET on a 44-min gradient, >7-fold over neat plasma (Jarvinen 2025); ~4,000 protein groups single-shot depleted plasma, up to ~7,000 with P2 enrichment, in Biognosys workflows (vendor). CSF: about half the Astral depth on matched samples (Chatanaka 2026). Cells: ~8,000 protein groups at 100 samples/day | |
| N/A, academic / reference method | Enabling | instrument, not a service | Abundant-protein depletion or direct digestion of neat plasma; DIA LC-MS | PLASMA: ~500-2,200 proteins depending on method (Beimers 2025); ~900 proteins neat, ~2,800 ENRICHplus, ~2,300 Mag-Net, ~4,000 Seer, ~4,500 EV-centrifugation in an independent comparison (Roger 2025) | |
| Bio-Techne (ProteinSimple / R&D Systems) | Targeted | not scored, <100 proteins | Microfluidic sandwich immunoassay (automated ELISA) in a cartridge with glass nanoreactors (GNRs) giving built-in triplicate; targets separated into parallel channels to avoid cross-reactivity; factory-calibrated standard curves. | Low-plex: up to 8 analytes per multiplex cartridge (single-plex, 2/3/4-analyte, and up to 5-8-plex formats); menu of 350-450+ validated analytes across human/mouse/rat/NHP; custom (48-digoxigenin) open cartridge. | |
| N/A, academic core | Enabling | instrument, not a service | High-throughput DIA-MS on neat CSF, plus an improved workflow and a PRM validation assay | CSF: ~1,500 proteins/sample across 5,000 individuals; ~2,100 proteins/sample with the improved technology | |
| Luminex/DiaSorin | Targeted | not scored, <100 proteins | Spectrally barcoded polystyrene microspheres, sandwich immunoassay, flow readout | Practical protein panels 10–50 analytes (rarely toward ~80); the "up to 500 spectral regions" figure is the bead-system ceiling, not realized for antibody-pair sandwich immunoassays due to cross-reactivity. | |
| Olink (Thermo Fisher Scientific) | Retired | not scored, superseded | Dual-antibody PEA, NGS readout | 2,931-3,072 assays | |
| Olink (Thermo Fisher Scientific) | Targeted | not scored, <100 proteins | PEA with qPCR readout | 45-92 per panel; Flex up to ~30 custom markers | |
| Thermo Fisher | Enabling | instrument, not a service | Orbitrap + asymmetric-track lossless (Astral) analyser; narrow-window DIA | PLASMA: ~4,500 proteins/sample with Mag-Net enrichment at 100 samples/day (Jarvinen 2025); neat plasma far lower. CSF: 2,317-protein combined CSF proteome, ~2x the timsTOF Pro 2 detection (Chatanaka 2026). Cells/tissue >10,000 proteins in a 24-min gradient | |
| Various (academic / kit) | Enabling | sample prep, not a service | - | - | |
| PreOmics GmbH (a Bruker company) | Enabling | sample prep, not a service | Non-functionalized paramagnetic microbead protein-corona enrichment of low-abundance plasma/serum proteins + on-bead tryptic digestion (iST); read out by bottom-up DIA-MS (typically timsTOF HT/Pro) | ~3,800 protein IDs/sample on timsTOF Pro at 60 SPD (ENRICH); ENRICHplus deeper. Enrichment adds 50->100% more protein IDs vs neat plasma. Unit: protein groups (open MS, not fixed list) | |
| Nanomics Biotechnology (Nanomics Biotech) | Enabling | sample prep, not a service | Designed peptide affinity binders ("nanobinders") covalently attached to ~200 nm superparamagnetic nanoparticles for abundant-protein compression, then bottom-up LC-MS | ~1,000-plex 'ultraplex' deep plasma profiling; picogram sensitivity for low-abundance proteins (<10 ng/mL). Unit: protein groups (open MS). Vendor/preprint claim | |
| Quanterix | Targeted | not scored, <100 proteins | Single-molecule array digital ELISA (paramagnetic bead + femtolitre well arrays) | 1-6 analytes per assay (Neurology 4-Plex A/B/D/E) | |
| Range Bio | Targeted | not scored, targeted panel | Not publicly specified - company describes combining synthetic biology, genomics and machine learning for targeted multiplexed quantification | no public figure | |
| SCIEX (Danaher) | Enabling | instrument, not a service | QTOF with Zeno trap pulsing; ZT Scan DIA 2.0; Evosep One separation | 4,000 protein groups and ~26,000 precursors from 5 ng human cell digest at 500 samples/day (vendor tech note). No plasma or CSF depth figures published | |
| Standard BioTools → Illumina | Retired | not scored, superseded | SOMAmer aptamer capture, microarray readout | ~7,000 SOMAmer measurements (~6,400 unique proteins) | |
runs on → Triple-quad / Orbitrap MS | Academic core or CRO (e.g. Inoviv) | Targeted | not scored, targeted panel | Triple-quadrupole MRM or Orbitrap/QTOF PRM with stable-isotope-labelled peptide standards | typically 10-100 proteins; scout-MRM methods scale to several hundred transitions |
| Thermo Fisher Scientific | Enabling | instrument, not a service | Tribrid (quadrupole-Orbitrap-linear ion trap) DDA/DIA bottom-up + PTM/immunopeptidomics; native-MS option on newer editions | Open discovery MS; deep proteome / PTM depth (unit: protein groups, instrument-and-gradient dependent). No fixed analyte list | |
| Thermo Fisher Scientific | Enabling | instrument, not a service | Targeted LC-MS/MS: hybrid quadrupole + dual-pressure linear ion trap; PRM/MSn quantitation, PRM Conductor method building; runs on Vanquish Neo LC | Highly multiplexed targeted panels (user-defined peptide targets; ~140 Hz, PRM assays scale to hundreds of peptides). Unit: targeted peptides/proteins, not fixed content list | |
| N/A, academic / reference method | Enabling | instrument, not a service | Intact protein MS without digestion; charge-detection / individual-ion MS for large proteoforms | Targeted at the proteoform level: 2,841 proteoforms from 114 proteins in nanoparticle-enriched plasma; alpha-synuclein proteoform profiling from brain tissue |
How to read this table
Every column is sortable. The Level column captures how far a platform has progressed through APT’s evaluation, and Readiness for APT scores how ready a candidate is to enter the full comparison. Readiness reflects integration-readiness, not scientific quality, and the score is shown as a proportional bar, so platforms sharing a value are genuinely comparable at that stage.
- APT-assessed
- Fully evaluated on all ten axes in Platform Comparison. Shown as “Integrated” and held off the readiness ladder, since they are the destination.
- Emerging
- Carries an integration-readiness score (0 to 3) but is not yet in the deep comparison. Candidates for a future APT version.
- Targeted
- Targeted or configurable panel with no fixed large content list (many measure fewer than 100 proteins); not eligible for the integrated tier. Presented for completeness, not ranked.
- Early
- Pre-commercial or awaiting independent validation. Carries a low readiness score, and many share the same value, which honestly reflects how little separates them.
- Enabling
- Instruments and sample-prep chemistries that services run on (for example the Orbitrap Astral). Never ranked against those services.
- Retired
- Discontinued or superseded by a newer product (for example SomaScan 7K, Olink Explore 3072). Kept for reference, not scored or ranked.